Financial industry terminology collation -- Organized by a professional translation company
| 资产证券化 | Asset Securitization |
| 将一组流动性较差的资产转换为可交易证券化工具 | Converting a pool of illiquid assets into tradable securities |
| 信用风险缓释工具 | Credit Risk Mitigation Instruments |
| 通过信用衍生品或担保降低违约风险 | Reducing default risk through credit derivatives or guarantees |
| 外汇掉期合约 | Foreign Exchange Swap Contracts |
| 同时买入和卖出一定数量的外汇以锁定汇率波动风险 | Simultaneous buying and selling of currencies to hedge exchange rate risk |
| 利用不同市场之间的价格差异获取无风险收益 | Exploiting price differences across markets for risk-free profit |
| 资本充足率 | Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) |
| 衡量银行风险暴露和资本规模之间的关系 | Measures the relationship between a bank's risk exposure and its capital base |
| 风险加权资产 | Risk-Weighted Assets |
| 根据资产的信用风险评估调整后的总资产 | Total assets adjusted based on credit risk assessment |
| 主权债务重组 | Sovereign Debt Restructuring |
| 政府因财政压力与债权人协商调整债务条款 | Governments renegotiate debt terms with creditors due to fiscal pressures |
| 可转换优先股 | Convertible Preferred Stock |
| 可以在特定条件下转换为公司普通股的优先股 | Preferred stock that can be converted into common stock under certain conditions |
| 可变利率票据 | Floating Rate Note (FRN) |
| 根据市场利率波动调整票面利率的债券 | Bonds with interest rates adjusted according to market rate fluctuations |
| 信用违约互换 | Credit Default Swap (CDS) |
| 用于对冲债务违约风险的金融合约 | Financial contracts to hedge against debt default risks |
| 债券息票利率重新调整的时间间隔 | The time interval for resetting bond coupon rates |
| 一级市场与二级市场 | Primary and Secondary Markets |
| 一级市场是证券发行市场，二级市场是证券交易市场 | Primary markets issue securities, secondary markets trade issued securities |
| 风险价值模型 | Value at Risk Model (VaR) |
| 评估投资组合在特定时间范围内最大潜在损失 | Estimates the maximum potential loss of a portfolio over a specific time frame |
| 按揭支持证券 | Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) |
| 由抵押贷款资产支持发行的证券化产品 | Securitized products backed by mortgage loan assets |
| 中性对冲策略 | Market Neutral Hedging Strategy |
| 同时持有多头和空头头寸以规避市场波动风险 | Holding both long and short positions to hedge against market volatility |
| 杠杆收购融资 | Leveraged Buyout Financing (LBO) |
| 通过高杠杆率借贷完成的公司收购交易 | Corporate acquisitions financed with high levels of borrowed money |
| 面向公众投资者公开募集资金的投资基金 | Investment funds raised publicly from general investors |
| 私募股权投资 | Private Equity Investment |
| 通过非公开方式向机构或高净值客户提供资金 | Providing capital privately to institutions or high-net-worth individuals |
| 由国际清算银行（BIS）制定的银行业监管标准 | Banking regulatory standards established by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) |
| 货币市场工具 | Money Market Instruments |
| 短期流动性工具，例如国库券、商业票据 | Short-term liquid instruments such as treasury bills and commercial papers |
| 非公开市场交易 | Over-the-Counter (OTC) Trading |
| 直接在市场参与者之间进行的交易，无需通过交易所 | Trades conducted directly between parties without a centralized exchange |
| 借入低利率货币投资高利率资产以赚取利差 | Borrowing in low-interest currencies to invest in higher-interest assets |
| 用于衡量企业或投资所使用的债务比例 | A measure of the debt proportion used in a company or investment |
| 企业或投资者在不同资产类别中分配资源的策略 | Strategies for distributing resources across asset classes |
| 税基侵蚀与利润转移 | Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) |
| 企业通过跨国交易减少应税收入的行为 | Corporate practices that reduce taxable income through international transactions |
| 某一机构或市场的失效可能引发整个金融系统崩溃 | Risk that the failure of an institution or market could collapse the entire financial system |
